خلاصه
سه نوع افراد وجود دارند
۱
اهل بدعت خوارج، روافض، صوفیان... اثبات حجت برای تبديع آنها لازم نیست
۲
اهل سنت که در یک بدعت واضح افتادند، مثل عقیده داشتن که قرآن مخلوق است. اثبات حجت برای تبديع آنها لازم نیست
۳
اهل سنت که در یک بدعت مخفی افتادند. اثبات حجت قبل از تبديع آنها لازم است- و برای تبدیع آنها نباید عجله کرد. و اگر آن فوت کرده باشد، برای آن بهانه پیدا میکنیم و آن را از اهل سنت میدانیم
Shaykh Rabee' bin Hadi al Madkhali:
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family, his companions, and those who follow his guidance. As for what follows:
It is well-known among the people of Sunnah that one who falls into an act of disbelief is not considered a disbeliever until the evidence is established against him. As for one who falls into an innovation, it is divided into categories:
The First Category: The people of innovation such as the Rafidah, the Khawarij, the Jahmiyyah, the Qadariyyah, the Mu'tazilah, the Sufi grave worshippers, the Murji'ah, and those similar to them such as the Ikhwan (Muslim Brotherhood) and the Tabligh (Tablighi Jamaat) and their likes. For these, the Salaf did not require the establishment of evidence to judge them as innovators. Therefore, a Rafidi is called an innovator and a Khariji is called an innovator, whether the evidence was established against them or not.
The Second Category: Those from the people of Sunnah who fell into a clear innovation such as the belief in the creation of the Quran, belief in predestination in a wrong way, or the opinion of the Khawarij and others. Such individuals are deemed innovators (without establishing the evidence) based on the practice of the Salaf. An example of this is what was reported from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) when he was asked about the Qadariyyah, he said: “If you meet those people, inform them that I am free from them and they are free from me.” (Narrated by Muslim)
Shaykh al-Islam (may Allah have mercy on him) said in Dar' Ta'arud al-‘Aql wa al-Naql (1/254): “The way of the Salaf and the Imams was to consider the correct meanings known by the Shari'ah and reason, and also to consider the Shari'ah terminologies, expressing them whenever possible. And whoever spoke with a meaning that was false and contradicted the Book and the Sunnah, they would refute him. And whoever spoke with an innovative terminology that could imply both truth and falsehood, they would attribute him to innovation as well, and say: He only responded to an innovation with another innovation and refuted falsehood with falsehood.”
I say: This text highlights great and important matters that the righteous Salaf used to follow to preserve their true religion and protect it from the dangers of innovations and errors, including:
1. Their extreme caution against innovations and their adherence to correct meanings known by Shari'ah and reason. They did not express - as much as possible - except with Shari'ah terminologies and only used them for the correct meanings established by the Shari'ah of Muhammad.
2. They were the guardians and protectors of the religion. Whoever spoke with a meaning that was false and contradicted the Book and the Sunnah, they would refute him. And whoever spoke with an innovative terminology that could imply both truth and falsehood, they would attribute him to innovation even if he was refuting the people of falsehood. They would say: He only responded to an innovation with another innovation and refuted falsehood with falsehood, even if this responder was one of the prominent people of Sunnah and Jama'ah. They would not say that his general statement should be interpreted in detail because we know he is from the people of Sunnah. Shaykh al-Islam, after mentioning this method from the Salaf and the Imams, said: “And among these well-known stories is what Khallal mentioned in his book 'Sunnah' and others regarding the issue of the terminology and compulsion.”
I say: He (may Allah have mercy on him) refers to the declaration of the Imams of Sunnah against those who say: “My utterance of the Quran is created” because it could imply both truth and falsehood. Similarly, the term “compulsion” could imply both truth and falsehood.
Shaykh al-Islam mentioned that the Imams like Al-Awza'i and Ahmad ibn Hanbal and others had condemned both parties who affirmed and denied it. He said (may Allah have mercy on him): “It is reported that the rejection of the term 'compulsion' came from Al-Zubaydi, Sufyan al-Thawri, Abdul Rahman ibn Mahdi, and others. Al-Awza'i and Ahmad and others said: 'Whoever says compulsion has erred, and whoever says there is no compulsion has erred. Rather, it should be said that Allah guides whom He wills and misguides whom He wills, and the like.' They said that 'compulsion' has no basis in the Book and the Sunnah; rather, what is in the Sunnah is the term 'created' not 'compulsion.' It has been authentically reported from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said to Al-Ashajj of Abdul Qays: 'Indeed, you have two qualities that Allah loves: forbearance and patience.' He said: 'Are these qualities that I have acquired, or are they created in me?' The Prophet said: 'Rather, they are created.' He said: 'Praise be to Allah who has created in me two qualities that Allah loves.' They said that the term 'compulsion' is ambiguous and could imply both truth and falsehood. They provided examples for both. Then they said: 'The Imams prevented the use of the term 'compulsion' whether to affirm it or deny it because it is an innovation that encompasses both truth and falsehood.'”
Al-Dhahabi said: “Ahmad ibn Kamil al-Qadi said: Yaqub ibn Shaybah was one of the prominent companions of Ahmad ibn al-Mu'adhdhal and Al-Harith ibn Miskin, a distinguished jurist. He would withold from (saying) the Quran (is created on uncreated) .” Al-Dhahabi said: “He adopted the stance of his teacher Ahmad. Ali ibn al-Ja'd, Mus'ab al-Zubayri, Ishaq ibn Abi Isra'il, and a group also had this stance. About a thousand Imams disagreed with them. All the Imams of the Salaf and Khalaf denied the created nature of the Quran and declared the Jahmiyyah to be disbelievers. We ask Allah for safety in religion.”
Abu Bakr al-Marudhi said: “Yaqub ibn Shaybah publicized his withholding (of saying the Qur'an is created or uncreated) in that part of Baghdad, and Ahmad warned against him.” Al-Mutawakkil ordered Abdul Rahman ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan to ask Ahmad ibn Hanbal about whom to appoint as a judge. Abdul Rahman said: “I asked him about Yaqub ibn Shaybah, and he said: 'An innovator, a follower of desires.' Al-Khatib said: 'He described him thus because of his withholding.'”
Dawud al-Isbahani al-Zahiri came to Baghdad, and there was goodwill between him and Salih ibn Ahmad. He asked Salih to intercede for him to meet his father. Salih came to his father and said: “A man has asked me to bring him to you.” His father said: “What is his name?” He said: “Dawud.” He said: “From where?” He said: “From the people of Isfahan.” He said: “What is his belief?” Salih tried to avoid defining him. Ahmad continued to inquire until he understood and said: “This is the one about whom Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Naysaburi wrote to me, saying he claimed the Quran is created, so he should not come near me.” Salih said: “He denies this and rejects it.” Ahmad said: “Muhammad ibn Yahya is more truthful than him. Do not let him come to me.” [Tarikh Baghdad (8/374)].
The Third Category: Those from the people of Sunnah known for seeking the truth who fell into a hidden innovation. If such a person has died, he should not be labeled as an innovator but rather mentioned with good. If he is alive, he should be advised and the truth should be clarified to him, and he should not be hastily labeled as an innovator. If he persists, then he is labeled as an innovator.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “Many of the Mujtahid scholars of the Salaf and Khalaf have said and done things that are innovations without knowing that they are innovations, either due to weak hadiths they thought were authentic, or due to understanding verses in a way that was not intended, or due to their own reasoning where texts on the issue did not reach them. If a man fears Allah to the best of his ability, he falls under the saying: (Our Lord, do not take us to task if we forget or make a mistake), and in the hadith, Allah said: 'I have done so.' This is elaborated upon in another place.” [Ma'arij al-Wusul p. 43]. In any case, it is not permissible to generalize the requirement of establishing evidence for all innovators, nor is it permissible to deny it altogether, and the matter is as I have mentioned.
My advice to students of knowledge is to stick to the Book and the Sunnah and to follow the methodology of the Salaf in every aspect of their religion, especially in the matter of declaring someone a disbeliever, a sinner, or an innovator, to avoid excessive argumentation and disputes in these matters.
I particularly advise the Salafi youth to avoid the causes that stir hatred, disagreement, and division, which are matters that Allah detests and has warned against, as have the noble Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the honorable companions, and the righteous predecessors. They should strive to promote reasons for affection and brotherhood among themselves, which are matters that Allah and His Messenger love. May Allah's peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his companions.
- Written by Shaykh Rabee' bin Hadi al Madkhali Ramadhan 24 1424